REFUSE    拒絕卻

DECIDE NOT TO ACT:do as one has been REQUESTED to ACT OR IS EXPECTED TO ACT.
ABSTAINDECLINETURN DOWNSAY NO TOREJECTSPURNREBUFFDISMISSSEND ONE'S REGRETS
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for refusal to do what one is asked to do or invited to do is què 卻 (ant. yǔn 允 "agree gracefully", but only for the case when què 卻 has a subject of high status), verbalised refusal to do what one is invited to do is currently cí 辭 (ant. cóng 從 "follow, do as one is told"). 2. Jù 拒 (ant. chéng 承 "accept (a task)") refers to emphatic refusal, a decision to have nothing to do with something. 3. Shì 釋 (ant. shòu 受 "accept (a task)") refers to an insistance not to do what one might be expected to undertake. 4. Fú 弗 (ant. yù 欲 "be willing to") regularly refers to what the agent "will not do" or "refuses to do", as an emphatic negation. 5. Chì 斥 (ant. fèng 奉 "accept (a task)") is occasionally used to refer to a refusal to accede to a request or demand.
Modern Chinese Criteria
拒絕 is the current modern word for refusal. 回絕 is a formal word for refusing or declining an offer. 推卻 refers to the refusal of an invitation. 推辭 refers to the declining of an invitation. rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
    Antonym
    • AGREE TOASSENT that one is WILLING to ACT CONFORMing to someone OTHER:else's REQUEST.  
    • ACCEPTAGREE-TO RECEIVE AND THEN HAVE. 
    Hypernym
    • DECIDE　CHOOSE among PRESENT OR FUTURE MOVEMENTS FOR SELF:oneself OR among ANSWERS to QUESTIONS. (anc: 17/0, child: 4)
    • CHOOSE　TAKE OR USE THING WHILE BELIEVING that one is ABLE to TAKE OTHER THINGS. (anc: 16/0, child: 3)
    • TAKE　OBTAIN a THING OFTEN by REMOVING it from its PLACE OR OWNER so as to HAVE it ONESELF. (anc: 15/0, child: 10)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 18.37

  • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 120

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p.

  • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.95

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 49B

    ABLEHNUNG

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 56B

    ABSCHLAGEN(VERWEIGERN)

    • Words (28 items)

    弗  fú OC: pɯd MC: pi̯ut 96 Attributions

    Fú 弗 (ant. yù 欲 "be willing to") regularly refers to what the agent "will not do" or "refuses to do", as an emphatic negation.

      Syntactic words
    • vi.red:adNrefusing> recalcitrant
    • vt{NEG}+.Vt[0](oN)will not!; would not; refuse to; fail to; decide not to (do what one might otherwise have done); will actually not; 
    • vt{NEG}+Vi[0]refuse to V
    • vt{NEG}+Vtt[0](oN1.)(+N2)refuse to Vtt (e.g. give) N2 to N1
    • vt{NEG}+Vtt[0](oN1.)+N2refuse to
    • vt{NEG}.+VtoNrefuse to Vt the object N
    辭  cí OC: zɯ MC: zɨ 67 Attributions

    The current general word for refusal to do what one is asked to do or invited to do is què 卻 (ant. yǔn 允 "agree gracefully", but only for the case when què 卻 has a subject of high status), verbalised refusal to do what one is invited to do is currently cí 辭 (ant. cóng 從 "follow, do as one is told").

      Word relations
    • Ant: 受/ACCEPT The general word for accepting something offered to one is shòu 受, but the distinction with the passive "receive" is not made explicit. >>NEUTRAL
    • Assoc: 卻/REFUSE The current general word for refusal to do what one is asked to do or invited to do is què 卻 (ant. yǔn 允 "agree gracefully", but only for the case when què 卻 has a subject of high status), verbalised refusal to do what one is invited to do is currently cí 辭 (ant. cóng 從 "follow, do as one is told").

      Syntactic words
    • vt(+V[0])decline the offer, decline the honour; refuse the request
    • vt(oN)decline, decline to takeTWH
    • vt(oN.)+Vrefuse a contextually determinate thing offered;, saying: decline thing offered, saying:
    • vtoNopt out, refuse to comply; decline, decline to take, refuse to accept; make excuses; decline to answer; decline (advice given); refuse (offer of an office)
    • vtoNrenounceCH
    • vtoNpassivebe refused
    弗之  fú zhī MC: pjut tsyi OC: pɯd kljɯ 21 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPpreposed objectfail to/refuse to V the explicit preposed pronominalised object; would not V the explicit preposed pronominalised objectCH
    不取  bù cǒu MC: pjut tshuwX OC: pɯʔ skhooʔ 13 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNwill not opt for, refuse to take [待考: some are vt(oN)!]CH
    不可  bù kě OC: pɯʔ khlaalʔ MC: pi̯ut khɑ 7 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt(+V[0])refuse the contextually determinate proposal; refuse to do so; object
    卻  què OC: khaɡ MC: khi̯ɐk 6 Attributions

    The current general word for refusal to do what one is asked to do or invited to do is què 卻 (ant. yǔn 允 "agree gracefully", but only for the case when què 卻 has a subject of high status), verbalised refusal to do what one is invited to do is currently cí 辭 (ant. cóng 從 "follow, do as one is told").

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 辭/REFUSE The current general word for refusal to do what one is asked to do or invited to do is què 卻 (ant. yǔn 允 "agree gracefully", but only for the case when què 卻 has a subject of high status), verbalised refusal to do what one is invited to do is currently cí 辭 (ant. cóng 從 "follow, do as one is told").

      Syntactic words
    • videcline; refuse; refuse to take orders
    • vt(oN)decline; refuse the contextually determinate object
    • vtoNrefuse off-hand
    不肯  bù kěn OC: pɯʔ khɯɯŋʔ MC: pi̯ut khəŋ 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt+V[0]be unwilling to > refuse to V
    辭不受  cí bù shòu MC: zi pjut dzyuwX OC: zɯ pɯʔ djuʔ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)hendiays: refuse to accept the N offeredCH
    不欲  bù yù OC: pɯʔ k-loɡ MC: pi̯ut ji̯ok 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(+V[0])litotes: be unwilling to perform the contextually determinate act VCH
    • VPt+V[0]litotes: be unwilling to; be disinclined to
    捨  shě OC: lʰaʔ MC: ɕɣɛ
    舍  shě OC: lʰaʔ MC: ɕɣɛ 3 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Ant: 取/CHOOSE The general word for making a deliberate and in principle free choice is qǔ 取 "to choose or opt for (the preferred alternative), to prefer" (ant. 捨 "reject"), and what is thus chosen or preferred may be concrete or abstract.

      Syntactic words
    • vt+V[0]refuse to V, give up V-ing
    • vtoNrefuse the offer of N
    距  jù OC: ɡaʔ MC: gi̯ɤ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNreject; push asideDS
    • vtoNpassivebe pushed aside, get opposed
    拒  jù OC: ɡaʔ MC: gi̯ɤ 2 Attributions

    Jù 拒 (ant. chéng 承 "accept (a task)") refers to emphatic refusal, a decision to have nothing to do with something.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 受/ACCEPT The general word for accepting something offered to one is shòu 受, but the distinction with the passive "receive" is not made explicit. >>NEUTRAL
    • Ant: 入/ENTER The standard dominant word is rù 入(ant. chū 出 "go out") which refers to any kind of concrete or abstract entering of a thing into another. (CHECK!!)
    • Ant: 聽/FOLLOW Tīng 聽 refers to the abstract notion of following advice given to one as a superior. See OBEY
    • Ant: 追/PURSUE Zhuī 追 refers to the attempt of catching up with anything, characteristically a kòu 寇 "enemy" or thief (who may not know he is being pursued) but without any attending notion that what is being caught up with is NECESSARILY trying to escape or to make great speed, and the word is regularly used in figurative derived meanings "to seek", as in zhuī lì 追利 "chasing after profit".

      Syntactic words
    • vt+V[0]refuse to
    • vt[oN]refuse things (and not accept them)
    • vtoNoffer resistance to; refuse to accept; spurn, reject
    無受  wú shòu OC: ma djuʔ MC: mi̯o dʑɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)refuse the contextually determinate object
    謝  xiè OC:  MC: zɣɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNobject=groundsrefuse politely on the grounds of N 謝病
    讓  ràng 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpolitely refuseCH
    釋  shì OC: lʰaɡ MC: ɕiɛk 1 Attribution

    Shì 釋 (ant. shòu 受 "accept (a task)") refers to an insistance not to do what one might be expected to undertake.

      Syntactic words
    • vt+V[0]insist not to
    非  fēi MC: pj+j OC: pɯl 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNabrefuseCH
    辭以  cí yǐ OC: zɯ k-lɯʔ MC: zɨ jɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNdecline (an offer) in favour of the alternative recipient N
    距逆  jù nì OC: ɡaʔ ŋɡlaɡ MC: gi̯ɤ ŋɣɛk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNpassivebe refused
    稱疾  chēng jí OC: thjɯŋ dzid MC: tɕhɨŋ dzit 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPi(adV)[refuse] pleading illness
    斷絕  duàn jué OC: doonʔ dzod MC: dʷɑn dziɛt 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNabstain from
    斥  chì OC: khljaɡ MC: tɕhiɛk 1 Attribution

    Chì 斥 (ant. fèng 奉 "accept (a task)") is occasionally used to refer to a refusal to accede to a request or demand.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNrefuse; repulse (a demand)
    無心  wú xīn OC: ma slɯm MC: mi̯o sim 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt+V[0]have no mind to, not be inclined to, show no desire to
    勿許  wù xǔ OC: mɯd hŋaʔ MC: mi̯ut hi̯ɤ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)refuse the thing N requested
    不取  bù cǒu MC: pjut tshuwX OC: pɯʔ skhooʔ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNwill not opt for [jQuery3310311059301340081_1664054388766?待考]CH
    斷  duàn OC: doonʔ MC: dʷɑn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNabstain with regard to; abstain from
    枝  zhī OC: kje MC: tɕiɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viactresist; fight back
    絕  jué OC: dzod MC: dziɛt 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)refuse (to accept) 絕而不受 "refuse and not accept"